@MastersThesis{Couto:2011:EsBlMi,
author = "Couto, Carlos Alberto de OLiveira",
title = "Estudo de blindagem mista contendo comp{\'o}sito cer{\^a}mico
para prote{\c{c}}{\~a}o contra impactos de micrometeor{\'o}ides
em sat{\'e}lites artificiais",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais",
year = "2011",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2011-02-28",
keywords = "blindagem, sat{\'e}lite arficial, impacto bal{\'{\i}}stico,
meteor{\'o}ide, cer{\^a}mica, shield, artificial satellite,
balistic impact, meteoroid, ceramic.",
abstract = "Este projeto teve como principal objetivo o estudo de blindagens
mistas de metais e comp{\'o}sito cer{\^a}mico de alumina -
zirc{\^o}nia tetragonal policristalina (Y-TZP -
\$\textit{tetragonal zirconia policrystalline stabilized with
yttria}\$) para prote{\c{c}}{\~a}o de sat{\'e}lites
artificiais contra impacto de micro meteor{\'o}ides. Os dados
para a qualifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o das blindagens mistas foram
obtidos a partir de ensaios padronizados de impactos
bal{\'{\i}}sticos e ensaio de queda de 12 m, para a
avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o da capacidade de absor{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
energia cin{\'e}tica das blindagens. Os meteor{\'o}ides s{\~a}o
fragmentos de materiais que viajam com velocidades entre 12 e 70
km/s e possuem formas e tamanhos variados. Para a an{\'a}lise
comparativa dos resultados foram utilizados os valores do maior
micro meteor{\'o}ide que impactou o \$\textit{Space Shuttle
Orbiter}\$, com massa de 0,2 g e energia cin{\'e}tica de 900 J.
As cer{\^a}micas utilizadas nas blindagens foram produzidas com
p{\'o} de alumina alfa com tamanhos de part{\'{\i}}culas na
escala submicrom{\'e}trica e p{\'o} de zirc{\^o}nia tetragonal
com tamanhos de part{\'{\i}}culas na escala nanom{\'e}trica,
estabilizada com 3 \% (em mol) de {\'{\i}}tria. Foram estudadas
tr{\^e}s composi{\c{c}}{\~o}es diferentes de zirc{\^o}nia
adicionada {\`a} alumina: 15, 18 e 20 \% de ZrO\$_2\$ (em
peso). O objetivo foi o de obter comp{\'o}sitos cer{\^a}micos
com custo baixo e par{\^a}metros de propriedades mec{\^a}nicas
otimizadas. As cer{\^a}micas para o ensaio de flex{\~a}o foram
compactadas com 40 MPa em press{\~a}o uniaxial e 300 MPa em
press{\~a}o isost{\'a}tica. Entretanto, as cer{\^a}micas
utilizadas no ensaio bal{\'{\i}}stico foram compactadas uniaxial
devido {\`a} limita{\c{c}}{\~a}o de tamanho da prensa
isost{\'a}tica. As cer{\^a}micas foram submetidas {\`a}
caracteriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o por difra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de raios X e
microscopia eletr{\^o}nica de varredura. Os valores dos
par{\^a}metros de propriedades mec{\^a}nicas foram obtidos pelo
uso dos ensaios de flex{\~a}o em quatro pontos e dureza
\$\textit{Vickers}\$. Os valores de tenacidade {\`a} fratura
foram obtidos pelo uso da t{\'e}cnica baseada em
penetra{\c{c}}{\~a}o \$\textit{Vickers}\$. As propriedades
dos comp{\'o}sitos cer{\^a}micos alumina-zirc{\^o}nia Y-TZP
mostraram superiores {\`a} alumina pura relatadas na literatura,
os valores da resist{\^e}ncia {\`a} fratura foi superior a 400
MPa, a dureza superior a 15 GPa e a tenacidade {\`a} fratura
superior a 11,6 MPa.m\$^{1/2}\$. As blindagens mistas estudadas
foram submetidas a tr{\^e}s n{\'{\i}}veis de ensaios
bal{\'{\i}}sticos da norma brasileira NBR 15000, n{\'{\i}}veis
II, IIIA e III, que utilizam as muni{\c{c}}{\~o}es .357
\$\textit{Magnum}\$, 9 mm, .44 \$\textit{Magnum}\$ e 7,62 x
51 FMJ. Os materiais met{\'a}licos utilizados nas blindagens
foram pain{\'e}is sandu{\'{\i}}che-colm{\'e}ia de
alum{\'{\i}}nio do sat{\'e}lite CBERS e chapas de a{\c{c}}o
inox AISI 304. A comprova{\c{c}}{\~a}o da efici{\^e}ncia das
blindagens testadas em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o ao impacto real de
meteor{\'o}ides em sat{\'e}lites foi realizada utilizando a
equival{\^e}ncia da energia cin{\'e}tica envolvida (de 900 J).
As blindagens mistas de comp{\'o}sitos cer{\^a}micos de
alumina-zirc{\^o}nia tetragonal sobre as bases met{\'a}licas
apresentaram-se eficazes para absor{\c{c}}{\~a}o de energia para
os n{\'{\i}}veis estudados. ABSTRACT: This project aimed to
study the compound shields of a ceramic composite alumina -
tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP - tetragonal zirconia policrystalline
stabilized with yttria) for protection of artificial satellites
against meteoroids impact. The datas used for compound shields
qualification was obtained from ballistic impacts and drop test of
12 meters, evaluating the shields kinetic energy absorption
capacity. The meteoroids are materials fragments traveling at
speeds between 12 km/s and 70 km/s and have different sizes. For
results comparative analysis was performed the largest meteoroid
value that impact the Space Shuttle Orbiter, with a 0,2 g mass and
900 J of kinect energy. The ceramics used in the shields were made
by submicron alpha alumina powder and nanometric tetragonal
zirconia powder stabilized with 3 \% mol of ytria. Three
different compositions of zirconia added to alumina were studied:
15, 18 and 20 wt \% of ZrO\$_2\$ (by weight) in order to obtain
ceramic composites with low production cost and high mechanical
properties, based on literature values and Sucera group
experience. The ceramics for flexion test were compacted with 40
MPa in uniaxial pressure and 300 MPa in isostatic pressure.
However, the ceramics used in ballistic test were uniaxial
compacted due to the limited size capacity of isostatic press. The
ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning
electron microscopy. The values of the mechanical properties
parameters were obtained by using the flexion tests at four points
and Vickers hardness. The fracture toughness values were obtained
by using the technique based on Vickers penetration. The
properties of alumina-zirconia ceramic composite Y-TZP showed
higher than pure reported in the literature: the fracture
resistance was above 400 MPa, hardness exceeding 15 GPa and
fracture toughness exceeding 11,6 MPa.m\$^{1/2}\$. The compound
shield studied was subjected to three levels of NBR 15000
Brazilian standard ballistic tests, levels II, IIIA and III which
use .357 Magnum ammunition, 9 mm, .44 Magnum and 7,62 x 51 FMJ.
The metallic materials used on shields were aluminum honeycomb
plates from CBERS satellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. The
proof of the tested shields efficiency against the real impact of
meteoroids on satellites was accomplished through the equivalence
of the kinetic energy involved (around 900 J). The compound
shields of ceramic composites of alumina-tetragonal zirconia
bonded to the metallic bases presented effective for energy
absorption for the studied levels.",
committee = "Piorino Neto, Francisco (presidente) and Nono, Maria do Carmo de
Andrade (orientador) and Melo, Francisco Cristov{\~a}o
Louren{\c{c}}o de",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Study of compound shield containing ceramic composite for
protection against micrometeoroids impact on artificial
satellites",
language = "pt",
pages = "131",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP7W/39KDDGH",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP7W/39KDDGH",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "06 maio 2024"
}